SWNS via Kristine Koroleva
Credit: a4gpa (CC license)
Credit: La Priz (CC license)
SWNS via Kristine Koroleva
Credit: a4gpa (CC license)
Credit: La Priz (CC license)Some mornings when you wake up, your head is fuzzy, your body is heavy, and you don’t feel rested. It felt like you were dreaming all night.
But did all that dreaming actually wear you out? Let’s look at what the science says.
Most dreaming occurs during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which makes up 20–25% of our total sleep time.
We have four to six rounds of REM throughout the night, with each round growing longer as morning approaches. We all dream, and most of us dream multiple times a night, whether we remember it or not.
If you wake up during or just after a REM period, you are more likely to remember what you were dreaming.
Whether you remember a dream can also depend on the emotional intensity of the dream and whether you briefly wake up in the night, as well as differences in how individual brains store memories overnight.
People who regularly remember vivid, emotionally intense dreams tend to have lighter, more broken sleep.
During REM sleep, your brain is running almost as hard as it does when you are awake, firing away, while your body lies completely still. Your muscles are essentially paralysed, which stops you acting out what’s happening in the dream.
At the same time, the parts of the brain that handle emotion – the amygdala, hippocampus and thalamus – are highly active. The prefrontal cortex, which normally keeps things rational and logical, is much less engaged.
So you get vivid, emotionally charged experiences that feel completely real but make no logical sense. That part is normal.
Most people assume dreams are brief, fragmented flashes.
In fact, the evidence suggests otherwise. REM sleep dreams appear to unfold roughly in real time.
When researchers have woken people from REM sleep and asked them to describe their dream, the length of their account closely matches the duration spent in the dreaming stage of sleep (REM episode). A dream that feels like 20 minutes was probably about that long in real life.
Where people go wrong is estimating how much of the whole night they spent dreaming. A stressful or vivid dream feels longer and stays with you. A dull one vanishes before you even open your eyes.
On top of that, we mostly remember dreams we actually woke up during.
Someone who was sure they dreamed all night probably had a completely normal night of REM sleep. They just happened to wake during the emotionally charged parts, and those are the ones that stuck.
During REM sleep, your brain isn’t resting in the way deep sleep allows. Even so, brain imaging studies suggest this energy use alone doesn’t account for the fatigue people feel after a heavy night of dreaming.
Dreaming on its own does not seem to impact your sleep quality unless it tips into nightmares.
The more straightforward explanation is this: if you remember a dream, you almost certainly woke up during it. Those wake-ups, even the ones you barely register, take time away from deep sleep.
These wake-ups also give the brain less opportunity to clear a waste product called adenosine. During the day, adenosine builds up in the brain. As it accumulates, the pressure to sleep grows. One of sleep’s main jobs is to flush this out, and it does that most effectively during deep sleep. Wake up before it’s done and you might find yourself more tired the next day.
Waking from REM sleep is also harder on the body than waking from lighter stages. It can produce sleep inertia, that thick, foggy state in which your brain refuses to come online. The tiredness is not a consequence of dreaming: it’s a consequence of when you woke up and what stage you were pulled from.
When sleep is cut short or is repeatedly broken, the brain makes up for lost REM time on subsequent nights, spending a higher proportion of sleep in that stage. This is called REM rebound.
REM rebound is a compensatory response rather than a problem in itself. The actual problem is whatever is causing the sleep disruption.
If you regularly remember most of your dreams, feel like the number of dreams you have has increased, or find yourself waking up tired most mornings, your fragmented sleep may mean the brain isn’t getting the deep, restorative stages it needs.
If this describes you, and it affects how you feel and function through the day, it’s worth having a conversation with your doctor.![]()
Yaqoot Fatima, Professor of Sleep Health, University of the Sunshine Coast; Danielle Wilson, Research Fellow and Sleep Scientist at the Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, and Nisreen Aouira, Research Program Manager, Let's Yarn About Sleep, Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
This is part of our series on Changing the Brain, about what’s happening in our brain in various mental states and how we can change it for the better and worse. You can read the other articles here.
Our life expectancy has increased dramatically over the past several decades, with advances in medical research, nutrition and health care seeing us live well into our 80s. But this longer life expectancy has also come at a cost, as the longer we live, the more likely we are to develop neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia.
Despite the lack of treatments for these diseases, there’s now a growing body of research to suggest there are a range of lifestyle changes we can adopt to help enhance our brain function. And even prevent brain disease.
The effects of physical activity, particularly aerobic exercise, on brain health have been well studied. There’s now evidence to suggest engaging in physical activity can improve brain health through a phenomenon called neuroplasticity. This is where brain cells can more easily respond to disease or injury.
Physical activity can induce a cascade of biological processes that improve function of brain regions responsible for memory, and things such as decision making.
In particular, going for a run or bike ride (as opposed to only strength exercises such as weight training) have been shown to increase levels of “brain-derived neurotrophic factor”, a protein central to the growth and survival of brain cells. Brain imaging studies are also starting to confirm exercise training can result in a bigger hippocampus (the brain region responsible for memory) and improvements in memory.
Just as protein shakes may help muscles grow after exercise, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor may help to strengthen and generate brain cells. This in turn can increase the brain’s ability to cope with injury or disease.
Exercise strengthens our brains as well as our muscles. Kyle Kranz/UnsplashOver the past decade, there’s been an explosion of interest in meditation and mindfulness as a treatment of mental health disorders, particularly depression and anxiety.
Some studies have suggested long-term engagement in meditation is associated with physiological brain changes (such as larger brain volumes and higher brain activity).
But the extent to which meditation is associated with better memory, or with long-term protection against brain diseases, remains to be determined.
Hypnosis is one of the oldest forms of psychotherapy. It is typically used as an adjunct treatment for pain, and a range of anxiety disorders, including post-traumatic stress. Recent studies show that during hypnosis, changes in brain activity are detected in brain regions that govern attention and emotional control.
One small study (18 patients) suggested hypnosis substantially improved the quality of life of dementia patients after 12 months, with patients experiencing higher levels of concentration and motivation. But this result is very preliminary, and requires independent replication with larger numbers of patients.
It’s likely hypnosis plays an important role in reducing stress and anxiety, which may in turn improve focus, attention and wellbeing in general.
The challenge with studying the effects of lifestyle changes on brain health, particularly over a long period of time, is the large degree of overlap across all lifestyle factors. For example, engaging in physical activity will be related to better sleep and less stress – which also improve our memory and thinking function.
Similarly, better sleep is related to improved mood. It may make people feel more motivated to exercise, which may also lead to better memory and thinking function.
The extent to which we can truly determine the contribution of each lifestyle factor (sleep, physical activity, diet, social engagement) to our brain health remains limited.
But a wide range of lifestyle factors that are highly modifiable such as physical inactivity, obesity, chronic stress and high blood pressure can have far-reaching effects on our brain health. After all, it is mid-life high blood pressure, obesity and physical inactivity that can increase our risk of dementia in later life.
Recently, a large study of 21,000 American adults aged over 65 suggested the prevalence of dementia fell significantly from 11.6% to 8.8% (nearly a 25% reduction) over 12 years (from 2000 to 2012). The researchers suggested this decrease in prevalence may be due to increases in education and better control of risk factors for high cholesterol and high blood pressure.
This provides some hope that we can, to a certain extent, take charge of our brain health through engagement in a wide range of beneficial activities that seek to improve mental function, improve heart health, or reduce stress.
It’s never too early to start investing in the health of our brains, particularly when these lifestyle changes are easily implemented, and readily accessible to most of us.
If you are interested in being a part of a study on brain health in middle-aged Australians, please join us at the Healthy Brain Project.![]()
Yen Ying Lim, Research Fellow, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
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exercise and sleep. Avoid smoking and Alcohol. Drink plenty of water to prevent dehydration! Migraine can be a result of dehydration, as sweating excessively and heat can trigger migraine attacks. Taking a complex combination of B Vitamins, particularly Vitamin B2 (400 milligrams a day) and B6, in diet or as supplement helps to reduce the frequency and intensity of migraine attacks. Take vitamins every day for best results. Vitamins will help you stay healthy and migraine-free. Eating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids are believed to be effective in reducing the intensity and the frequency of migraine attacks. Taking magnesium in diet or as supplement (at a dose of 400 - 600 milligrams/day) it is believed to be effective for menstrual-associated migraines and migraines associated with auras. Take caution that Magnesium may cause diarrhea, if you take too much. Also, consuming CoEnzymeQ10 (300 mg/ day) has proven to be effective in reducing migraine pain. A regular exercise is always recommended to migraine sufferers. Breathing exercises are quite helpful in providing relief. Every time you feel a migraine coming, begin taking long, slow and deep breaths. As you take deep breaths, allow all the tension to flow out of your body. Learn to cope up with day to day stress and anxiety. Get an adequate amount of sleep each night. By implementing a few healthy changes in your daily habits, and taking advantage of these beneficial natural remedies, you may look forward to a migraine-free life. Source: HerbHealtH,
| Credit: University of Missouri |

memory power-(1) To enhance memory power, crush about 5g of mandukparni (Centella asiatica) leaves powder, 5g shankhpushpi (Evolvulus alsinoides) powder, 2 almond (Prunus amygdalus) seeds and 1 elaichi (Elettaria cardamomum). Boil the mixture in a glass of milk and take it for 4-6 months for enhancing memory. (2) Having half cooked dana methi (Trigonella foenum-graecum) curry is said to be beneficial in imporving memory power. (3) Mix equal amounts of brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) powder with ashoka(Saraca indica) bark powder. Taking 5g of this formulation daily is said to be effective in improving intelligence and memory recall. Another remedy is to prepare brahmi tea by soaking it in hot water. Steep for some time, filter and drink when cold, on an empty stomach daily. (4) A handful of walnut consumed daily with about 10 g of figs or raisins work as a beneficial remedy for weak memory. (5) Soak 4-5 almonds in water overnight, remove the skin, grind, & boil in a glass of milk. Add a tsp of clarified butter & sugar to taste. Take this formulation for about a month or two. (6) Seeds of ashoka (Saraca indica) should be chewed with betel (Piper betel) leaf for 2-3 weeks for improving intelligence. (7) Take equal proportions of powdered jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi) whole plant, ghodavach (Acorus calamus) rhizome & mandukparni leaves and mix. Take ½ tsp of this formulation with honey to strengthen memory. (8) About 1/4th tsp of cinnamon powder can be mixed with honey and taken daily. (9) Administering 1 tsp of satavari (Asparagus recemosus) root powder with milk daily is useful for enhancing
memory. (10) Ground 4-5 black pepper seeds & make a paste in a tsp of honey. Consume this daily to help improve memory and concentration.Remember, Herbal remedies won't help alone! One has to follow a proper dietary regime for attaining the maximum mental and physicalhealth benefits! Green leafy vegetables and fresh fruits should be included in the diet. Phosphorus rich fruits such as grapes, oranges, apples, figs and dates are considered to be best remedy for weak memory. Foods containing omega-3 fatty acids are beneficial for development of the brain and eyes and are found in fish, walnuts, flaxseed oil, pumpkin seeds, soybeans, etc. For a strong memory, give your brain a workout by indulging in some brain exercises, like learning a new language, instrument, or sport, or tackling a crossword or puzzles. Yogic exercises, such as pranayam and meditation help a lot to enhance memory naturally. Also, try and avoid the use of sleep inducing drugs as these have an adverse effect on the overall health. Cut down on alcohol and tobacco consumption. Learn to cope up with day-to-day stress and anxiety. Source: HerbHealtH, Source: flickr.com